doing 跟to do(finish to do和doing用法)

全文共3040字，閱讀時(shí)長(zhǎng)約10分鐘，字?jǐn)?shù)太多，不用著急，看不完下次看，慢慢來(lái)，給學(xué)習(xí)以耐心。

今天我們分享非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，又叫非限定動(dòng)詞，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是指在句子中不是謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，主要包括不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞)，即動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞除了不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)外，還可以承擔(dān)句子的其他成分。

不用管定義這些細(xì)節(jié)，不同形式的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以做句子的哪些成分，一個(gè)表格就能搞定：

下面會(huì)逐一分析非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不同成分的用法及區(qū)別

1.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做主語(yǔ)

1.1 不定式做主語(yǔ)

It will take us 1 hour to go to school，不定式后接謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，避免頭重腳輕，用it做形式主語(yǔ)

It excited me to see him, 不定式后接使動(dòng)詞，避免頭重腳輕，用it做形式主語(yǔ)

It is our duty to help who need help，后接名詞，避免頭重腳輕，用it做形式主語(yǔ)

It is easy for me by ten o’clock to finish the homework，后接形容詞，避免頭重腳輕，用it做形式主語(yǔ)

注意區(qū)別：

it is 形容詞 for sb to do sth, 對(duì)某人怎樣，比如， it is good for you

It is 形容詞 of sb to do sth, 該形容詞指的是人的特質(zhì)，比如， it is kind of you

1.2 動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞直接變動(dòng)名詞，Studying can change your life動(dòng)名詞前加形容詞性物主代詞， （his） working for all night caused him a cold

1.3 No use, no good, no fun（沒意思）, a shame（真可惜）, a waste of time/money, useless, dangerous， 比如，it is no use complaining, 這些詞需要用doing

2.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做賓語(yǔ)

2.1 不定式做賓語(yǔ)，通俗來(lái)講，動(dòng)詞 to do

比如want, need, decide, plan, hope/wish, expect, afford（承受）,agree, attempt（企圖），fail, offer, refuse, tend（傾向），prepare， demand, pretend（假裝）， promise

以上都是比較常規(guī)的，做賓語(yǔ)特殊一點(diǎn)的如下：

• I think it better to study early，it做形式賓語(yǔ)，體現(xiàn)信雅達(dá)
• Do you think it better not to go, 不定式否定在前面加not
• They don’t know what to do, 其中what to do 作賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)，通俗來(lái)講，就是哪些詞可以加doing，比如avoid, finish, consider, practice, miss, mind, suggest/advise/propose, appreciate, imagine（想象），admit,

2.2 動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)，通俗來(lái)講，動(dòng)詞 doing

比如avoid, finish, consider, practice, miss, mind,suggest/advise/propose, appreciate, imagine（想象），admit,

以上是比較常規(guī)的，特殊一點(diǎn)的如下：

• Do you mind me opening the window:其中me為賓格
• Do you mind my opening the window：其中my為物主代詞，與動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)部分可以對(duì)照來(lái)看

需要注意區(qū)分一下to后面加do的，構(gòu)成不定式to do， 不代表to后面一定的加do， 有時(shí)可以加上doing，因?yàn)檫@里的to是介詞，介詞（to） 名詞（doing）的形式注意區(qū)分。

常見的有如下，

be used to doing（習(xí)慣于）,

look forward to doing（期待）,

object to doing（反對(duì)）,

devote oneself to doing（奉獻(xiàn)）,

can’t help to doing（不禁）,

pay attention to doing（注意）,

stick to doing（努力）

2.3 一個(gè)詞有時(shí)候可以加to do又可以加doing，那具體有啥區(qū)別呢?

2.3.1 不定式與動(dòng)名詞沒有區(qū)別

Start和begin, 這兩個(gè)詞后面加to do/doing，無(wú)區(qū)別，但如下情況只能用to do

• 物做主語(yǔ)， it started to rain
• 用于進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)候， it is beginning to rain
• 后接標(biāo)識(shí)心理活動(dòng)或狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，understand, realize, know，He started to realize he was wrong

2.3.2 不定式與動(dòng)名詞細(xì)微區(qū)別，

Love， hate, like, prefer

這些詞后加doing，表示習(xí)慣、抽象的， I like playing basketball, 我喜歡打籃球，從小學(xué)就開始打了

這些詞加to do，標(biāo)識(shí)具體某一次，I like to play basketball, 有臺(tái)球，足球，籃球，我這一次就喜歡籃球

2.3.2 不定式與動(dòng)名詞差別很大

• Remember/forget, 后接doing，表示記得/忘記做過某事， 后接to do，表示記得/忘記要做某事
• Regret，后接doing，表示后悔做某事，后接to do，表示抱歉做某事，I regret to inform you
• Try, 后接doing， 表示嘗試做某事， 后接to do表示努力做某事
• Mean，后接doing，表示意味著，后接to do表示打算
• Stop/go on, 后接doing，表示停止/繼續(xù)做某一件事，后接to do表示繼續(xù)做另外一件事
• Can’t help，后接doing，表示不禁做某事，后接to do表示不能幫助

3.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做表語(yǔ)

3.1 分詞（doing/done）做表語(yǔ)

使動(dòng)詞，satisfy（使……滿意）、interest（使……感興趣）、embarrass（使……尷尬）、frighten（使……害怕）等等，翻譯成“使……怎么樣” “讓········……怎么樣”，以move舉例，move譯為“使……感動(dòng)”，

• the movie is moving，（doing做表語(yǔ)）
• I am moved（done做表語(yǔ)）

3.2 不定式做表語(yǔ)

主語(yǔ)常見的為aim, job/duty, wish, dream，比如， my aim is to help others

主語(yǔ)從句的不定式， what he want the most is to travel abroad

3.3 動(dòng)名詞做表語(yǔ)

My job is teaching English, 我的工作就是教英語(yǔ)的，我是英語(yǔ)老師

My job is to teach English, 我這節(jié)課的工作是教英語(yǔ)，但其實(shí)我是教語(yǔ)文的，注意區(qū)別

4.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做賓補(bǔ)

4.1 動(dòng)名詞做補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的情況極少，we call this activity campling不定式做補(bǔ)語(yǔ)， 其實(shí)就是：

動(dòng)詞 sb to do

Tell sb to do,

ask sb to do,

want/wish sb to do,

expect sb to do,

order sb to do,

warn sb to do,

remind sb to do,

4.2 分詞做補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，see, watch, look at, notice, observe, catch, hear, listen to, feel等后面可以加do/doing/done

See sb do sth:也是不定式，只不過省略了to，變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，省略的to需要還原

See sb doing sth, 看到他正在打電話, see him calling

See sth done, 看到電腦被修， see the computer repaired

5.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做定語(yǔ)

5.1 不定式作定語(yǔ)，

I have something to tell you(表示主動(dòng)), the things to be done are all listed on the list(表示被動(dòng))， he is looking for a house to live in,不要忘記介詞in

5.2 動(dòng)名詞做定語(yǔ)，極其少見，a washing machine, a reading room

5.3 分詞做定語(yǔ)

5.3.1 分詞做前置定語(yǔ)，

doing, boiling water, developing country,

done, boiled water, developed country

5.3.2 分詞做后置定語(yǔ)， do you know the person talking to your father

6.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做狀語(yǔ)，表示時(shí)間、原因、方式、條件、讓步、結(jié)果、目的、伴隨

6.1 不定式表示目的、原因、結(jié)果

6.1.1 目的狀語(yǔ) in order to, so as to

In order to see you, I came here

6.1.2 原因狀語(yǔ)，一般為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)

I am glad to see you, I am honored to be invited

6.1.3 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ), so……as to

Could you please so kind as to give me some money

6.2 分詞做狀語(yǔ)表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、結(jié)果、方式、伴隨

6.2.1 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),

(when) seeing from the tallest building, we can see people, 主動(dòng)

(when) invited to make a speech, the boy was happy，被動(dòng)

(when) Finishing eating, the boy rushed out of the room，主動(dòng)，沒有強(qiáng)調(diào)完成

(when) Having finished eating, the boy rushed out o the room, 強(qiáng)調(diào)完成，有時(shí)間先后

(when) Having been told so many times, he still made the same mistake, 被動(dòng)，強(qiáng)調(diào)完成

6.2.2 原因狀語(yǔ)，

Having no place to go, the man wander around the street, 主動(dòng)

Having lived with the girl for 5 years, we know her well, 主動(dòng)，有時(shí)間先后

Praised by boss, he works hard, 被動(dòng)

Having been warned, he never did it again, 被動(dòng)，有時(shí)間先后

6.2.3 條件狀語(yǔ)

(if) Given more time, he can do it better

(if) Working hard, you can success

6.2.4 讓步狀語(yǔ)

(through) working so hard, he failed

(through) built 30 years ago, the house looks beautiful

6.2.5 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，一般都是主動(dòng)

He got home late making his father angry

They were stuck in traffic jam, causing the delay

6.2.6 方式狀語(yǔ)

He is looking through the window as (if) thinking

He ate grabbing, 他用手吃飯

6.2.7 伴隨狀語(yǔ)

He came in followed by his sister, 他進(jìn)來(lái)了，她妹妹跟著他進(jìn)來(lái)了

The teacher came in following the student, 老師跟著學(xué)生進(jìn)來(lái)了

好啦，小可愛們，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就都分享完畢了，最好是把學(xué)到的知識(shí)不時(shí)地指導(dǎo)實(shí)踐呦！